Бизнес идея топик на английском
Представлено сочинение на английском языке Бизнес/ Business с переводом на русский язык.
| Business | Бизнес |
| Business is an organization which involves the trade of goods and services. Every day thousands of people start their own business. To be successful in business one should have special character traits, for example, to be hard-working, clever, energetic and even adventurous. | Бизнес – это организация, которая включает в себя торговлю товарами и услугами. Каждый день тысячи людей начинают свой собственный бизнес. Чтобы быть успешным в бизнесе, нужно иметь особые черты характера, например, быть трудолюбивым, умным, энергичным и даже предприимчивым. |
| If a person wishes to launch a new business he or she has to take some preparatory steps. The first one is the selection of a legal form. Different countries have different laws about legal types of businesses. Usually they are a limited liability company, a partnership and a sole proprietor. These forms of business slightly differ. The limited liability company is a legal entity. In case of a bankruptcy it has to reimburse its debts with all its assets. Sole proprietors or partners do not form a legal entity. In case of their bankruptcy they reimburse the debts not only with their assets but also with their own belongings. It includes houses, cars, money, etc. That’s why the majority of businessmen prefer to set up the limited liability companies. The second step is the preparation of certain documents. The third step includes initial investments and the appointment of a director. | Если человек желает начать новый бизнес, он или она должны принять некоторые подготовительные шаги. Первый из них состоит в выборе правовой формы. Разные страны имеют разные законы о правовых видах бизнеса. Как правило, это компании с ограниченной ответственностью, партнерство или индивидуальное предпринимательство. Эти формы бизнеса незначительно отличаются. Общество с ограниченной ответственностью является юридическим лицом. В случае банкротства оно должно возместить свои долги имуществом фирмы. Индивидуальные предприниматели или партнеры не являются юридическим лицом. В случае их банкротства они возмещают долги не только своими активами, но и с личным состоянием. Это включает в себя дома, машины, деньги и т.д. Вот почему большинство предпринимателей предпочитает создавать общества с ограниченной ответственностью. Вторым шагом является подготовка некоторых документов. Третий этап включает в себя первоначальные инвестиции и назначение директора. |
| Every new business has to be registered with the official company register. Business should mainly bring profit. However, the founders sometimes don’t have enough experience and make many mistakes. This leads to losses instead of profit. All financial information of the company can be kept in the financial reports. There are a lot of reports submitted annually, semi-annually and quarterly. Every government requires detailed information on the company’s performance and collects taxes. That’s why financial reports are important. | Каждый новый бизнес должен быть зарегистрирован в официальном реестре компаний. Бизнес должен в основном приносить прибыль . Тем не менее, иногда учредители не имеют достаточного опыта и делают много ошибок. Это приводит к потерям, а не прибыли. Вся финансовая информация компании может храниться в финансовых отчетах. Такие отчеты сдаются раз в год, раз в полгода и раз в квартал. Каждое правительство требует детальной информации о деятельности компании и собирает налоги. Вот почему финансовые отчеты важны. |
| In conclusion, I’d like to add that every business is not an easy activity. Thus, the knowledge of basic economic principles is vital for people who want to set up a business. | В заключение я хотел бы добавить, что каждый бизнес не является легкой деятельностью. Таким образом, знание основных экономических принципов является жизненно важным для людей, которые хотят создать бизнес. |
№ 1 —
Как
написать
записки
и
факс
№ 2 —
Как
написать
электронное
сообщение
№ 3 —
Как
написать
письмо
№ 4 —
Как
написать
резюме
№ 5 —
Как написать
повестку дня и протокол совещания/Об экономике США
№ 6 —
Как
написать
контракт/
Об
экономике
США
(Часть
2).
№ 7 —
Проводим
переговоры
–
часть
1
«Визитные
карточки»
№ 8 —
Проводим
переговоры
–
часть
2 «Вы
можете
договариваться?»
№ 9 —
Говорим
по
телефону
– Как
это
называется?
Устанавливая
связь
№ 10
—
Финансовые
термины/О
немецком
банке
№ 11
—
Говорим
по
телефону
–
Передаем
и
принимаем
записки
№ 12
—
Финансовые
термины
— О
французском
банке/Советы
по
подготовке
презентации
Powerpoint
№ 13
—
Термины
по
менеджменту/О
компании
IBM
№ 14
—
National
economies
—
Switzerland
№ 15
—
National
economies
—
United
Kingdom
№ 16
—
Итальянские
банки
№ 17
—
Термины
по
туризму/Об
Испании
№ 18
—
Термины
по
туризму/О
гостинице
в
Лондоне
№ 19
—
Услуги
в
гостинице
(часть
2)
№ 20
—
Гостиница-услуги/
Недвижимость
№ 21
—
Недвижимость
(2)/Беглость
речи
№ 22
—
Инвестиции/Клуб
миллиардеров
№ 23
—
Телекоммуникации/Клуб
миллиардеров
№ 24
—
Нефтяная
промышленность
/Как
подготовить
презентацию
№ 25
—
Техника,
технология/
Как
подготовить
презентацию
(часть
2)
№ 26
—
Nanotechnology
—
Нанотехнология
№ 27
—
Trade
—
Торговля
№ 28
—
Retailing
—
Розничная
торговля
№ 29
—
Customers
—
Покупатели
№ 30
—
Logistics
—
Логистика
№ 31
—
Insurance
—
Страхование
№ 32
—
Taxation
—
Налогообложение
№ 33
—
National
economies
—
Japan
№ 34
—
Insurance
—
Lloyd’s
of
London
№ 35
—
Бесплатно
2
недели
в
Оксфорде
—
конкурс!
№ 36
—
Procurement
— Закупки
№ 37
—
Procurement
— Закупки
(часть
2)
№ 38
—
Science-Research-Education
№ 39
—
Office
supplies
№ 40
—
Business
contract
№ 41
—
Payment
systems
№ 42
—
UN
Convention
№ 43
—
Business
in
the
UK
№ 44
—
Business
in
the
USA
№ 45
—
50
new
rules
of
work
№ 46
—
Business
and
Sustainability.
How
to
build
a
movement
around
your
business.
17
tips
to
double
your
productivity
in 14
days
№ 47
—
20
английских
книг.Англо-русские
термины
на
звуковых
флэш-картах
№ 48
—
Franchising.Флэш-карты
и
упражнения.How
to
Get
Started
in
Franchising
№ 50
—
Stock
Exchange.Japan’s
stock
exchanges:
Listing,
not
keeling.Stock
Exchange
№ 51
—
Leasing.
Mind
Map,
Vocabulary,
Exercises.Leasing
&
Buying
Your
Next
Vehicle
№ 52
—
Factoring
(text,
vocabulary,
exercises).
Little
Black
Book
for
Stunning
Success.
Secret
Letters
of
the
Monk
Who
Sold
His
Ferrari
№ 53
—
Public
Relations
(text,
exercises).What
is
PR?Как
подготовить
пресс-релиз
на
английском
языке
№ 55
—
Business
Ethics
№ 56
—
100
английских
слов
для
делового
общения
№ 57 —
Лидерство — Leadership.
Business
English
Vocabulary
List.
The 7
Habits
of of
Highly
Effective
People.
Упражнения.
Учебные
пособия
для
изучающих
английский
язык
№ 58 —
Как составить приглашение
№ 59 —
Всемирный конгресс предпринимателей
№ 60 —
Телефонное сообщение (список фраз + checklists).
Презентация ‘Telephoning’. Тренинги по английскому
языку
№ 61 —
100 вопросов на собеседовании в иностранной компании
№ 62 —
50 лучших бизнес школ мира
№ 63 —
Карта платежной системы Payoneer
(как заказать и получить бесплатно)
Ministry of Education
Chuvash State University after I.N.Ulyanov
Faculty of Business and Management
Course Paper:
Talking Business
Student: N.I. Nikitin, FBM-61-02
Advisor: M.V. Emelyanova
Cheboksary – 2003
PLAN:
Introduction….…..……………………………………………….…….….…….…3
Chapter 1. Setting up a business………………….………………..……..….4
Chapter 2. Company performance.….……..…………………….…………..6
Chapter 3. The stock market……….……..…..….….…..……….……….…..8
Conclusion……………………..……….….……………..………….…….…..10
Bibliography………………………………..………..…….………….…….…11
Introduction
The given course paper represents a brief material. It has the recommendations of successful management of business. The experience of the entering business and the achievements of positive results are generalized in it. I have chosen the theme of my course paper as I think that each person has an opportunity of opening his own business in our country now, but not everyone can do it. And that’s why I have decided to help the beginning businessmen to earn money.
The given course paper consists of three parts. In the first part it is considered preparatory steps of the setting up of business. Work of the company is analyzed in the following chapter of the course paper. And I have tried to study the stock market in the third chapter.
Chapter 1.
Setting up business
If a person wishes to launch a new business, he has to make some preparatory steps. The first step is the selection of an appropriate legal form. In various countries these forms differ. But usually they are as follows: a limited liability company, a partnership and a sole proprietor.
There is a basic difference between these forms. A limited liability company is a legal entity (legal person). In case of a bankruptcy, it has to reimburse (cover) its debts with all its assets, but the creditors cannot seize the assets owned by the company’s shareholders.
Sole proprietors or partners do not form a legal entity and have unlimited liability. If their business goes bankrupt, they have to reimburse the debts not only with the firm’s assets but also with their personal belongings: money, houses, cars, etc.
For this reason, most businesses are set up as limited liability companies. The name of such a company ends with “Limited” in the UK or Canada and with “Inc.”, “Corp.” or “LLC” in the USA.
A limited liability company may be private or public. A private company is usually founded by a small group of people who know each other and intend to do business together. A private company cannot sell its shares to the public and if it the business is not successful the founders loose their own money only.
A public company’s shares are traded on the stock market and may be purchased by millions of people all over the world. These shareholders are not aware of the company’s day-to-day performance and must rely on the professionalism of the company’s managers and their reports. If the management is poor or in case of the managers’ fraud, the shareholders may loose billions of dollars.
Many countries have special regulatory bodies to supervise public companies, such as the US Securities Exchange Commission. Yet, corporate disasters sometimes happen. One of the most recent examples is the bankruptcy of Enron Corporation, a giant supplier of energy resources in the Western part of the United States.
The second step in setting up a business is the preparation of various documents, such as: Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association and Resolution of the founders on the appointment of directors. The Memorandum contains the conditions, on which the founders agree to set up this business, and the Articles set out the principles of the company’s formation and management: its name, objectives, share capital, rules of management, etc. The founders have to make the initial investment and may either hire the directors of the company or appoint themselves as the directors.
Every new business is to be registered with the official company register. The UK has such registration offices in London and in Edinburgh, while in the USA each of the 50 states has its own register.
Chapter 2.
Company performance
Any business is set up to make profit. But the founders sometimes do not have enough experience or make serious mistakes, which result in losses. The financial results of the company’s operations can be seen from its financial reports.
There are at least three reasons for preparing such reports. First, every government needs to collect taxes and therefore requires detailed information on the company’s performance, revenues and expenses. Second, the shareholders need to know, whether the company’s management is professional enough, and ask for confirmation with facts and figures. Third, the company’s top executives must control the efficiency of the company’s various departments and the input of each department in the company’s operational results. The reports prepared by the company’s accounting department are often verified by an auditor, which is an independent public accountant. The auditor has to confirm that the reports comply with legal requirements and they reflect the company’s actual performance.
There are a lot of reports submitted annually, semi-annually and quarterly. The most important one is the balance sheet, which describes the company’s assets and liabilities as on the last date of each year. The assets are the values, which the company owns: money, buildings, equipment, raw materials, computer hardware and software, trade marks. The liabilities specify what the company owes, such as: share capital, credits received from banks and suppliers, other debts. If the amount of assets is higher than that of the liabilities, the company has profit. If the liabilities are higher than the assets, the company has losses. In the latter case they say that the company is “in the red”.
Money transfers between the company and its partners during the year are shown on the statement of cash flows. Cash is the most liquid asset, which is as important for the company’s activities as blood for a human body. If a company has huge fixed assets (land, buildings, equipment) but does not have enough money, it is a sign of financial problems.
There are many other reports, letters, notes and messages, which a company has to submit. Some of them are very colourful, with photographs and illustrations and look like advertising material. But their contents are usually a summary of the above two documents and additional comments to them.
If we deduct the company’s expenses from its revenues, the result is gross profit before taxes. If we further deduct taxes from the gross profit, the result is net profit, which may be distributed among the shareholders as their dividends or may be reinvested. The shareholders adopt a resolution on this matter at their annual meeting. Often they decide to use half of the net profit for dividends and to reinvest the other half. The net profit may also be carried forward to the next year. The amounts brought forward from the previous year are known as “retained earnings” of the company.
Companies are usually reluctant (do not wish) to pay taxes and there are legal ways to avoid some of them. The company’s ability to save on taxation depends on the professionalism of its accountants. The easiest way to avoid taxes is to increase expenses through purchasing new machinery, investing in new technologies, making money transfers to charity foundations.
While tax avoidance is allowed, tax evasion is a crime. The company’s executive body (the board of directors) is responsible for the correctness of the information submitted to the government. The personal liability is on the chief executive officer (the board chairperson) and the chief financial officer who sign the reports. If the information contained in the documents is not correct and if the company tries to evade taxes, these persons may be fined or even jailed. Otherwise, they may escape to another country, which sometimes happens.
Chapter 3.
The stock market
A century ago, the size of enterprises was rather small, each of them usually employed several dozen workers, and most business companies were family-owned. Further industrial growth required more intensive financing and family capitals became insufficient. This gave birth to share capital, which can combine financial resources of many people into a pool for starting a big project.
The most visible representatives of share capital are public limited companies, such as British Petroleum, Royal Dutch Shell or General Motors. They raise money on the stock market by issuing securities, mostly shares and bonds.
Ordinary shares (common stock in USA) form the largest part of the whole securities market. A shareholder owning ordinary shares can vote at the annual shareholders’ meeting, which reviews the company’s reports, takes decisions on the company’s plans and the distribution of the company’s profit. The meeting may decide to distribute the dividends to the shareholders or to reinvest the profit. If the company has no profit or has losses, the owner of ordinary shares will receive no dividends.
Each ordinary share has its face value and its market price. The face value is indicated on the share certificate but one cannot sell or buy the share at the face value. The market price is established at the stock exchange, where the shares are quoted and traded. The market price may be several times higher or lower than the face value because it depends on the general market situation and on the performance of the company.
When the country’s economy grows, the stock market usually has an upward trend, the market prices of shares go up and the stock exchange traders say that the market is “bullish”. If the market has a downward trend, the market prices of shares go down and the market becomes “bearish”.
Many companies issue preference shares (preferred stock in USA). These shares give the shareholder a guaranteed, stable income fixed as a percentage of their face value. But preference shares do not let their owner to vote at the shareholders’ meetings.
Some companies issue bonds. These securities provide their owner with stable income, the same as preference shares do. But unlike ordinary or preference shares, bonds are redeemable. It means that the company issuing bonds has an obligation to redeem them or buy them back at the face value after a certain period of time, usually after several years.
There was a stock market boom during the latest decade of the twentieth century. Many people became active in shopping for financial products and invested much of their wealth in securities. They expected that the markets would grow rapidly in the coming years and hoped to earn money through buying securities at lower prices and selling them at higher prices.
But these expectations were ruined by a sudden economic crisis. Now the Western economies have been in recession for about two years and the market price of most securities is much lower than their face value. It is a very sad situation for the shareholders, because they cannot return their shares to the issuing companies and get their money back. They can only sell these shares at their market price, if somebody will buy them.
Conclusion
In the conclusion I want to tell, that the knowledge of the basic economic principles creates conditions of safe existence for the person. The public phenomena, which are studied with the economic theory, influence various layers of the population. The size of the received income plays an important role in the position of the person in the society.
Certainly, I cannot say that if you study the basic economic principles, you will understand all essence of economic events.
I hope that my work will help the beginning businessmen in the future.
Bibliography:
1. B.Kolhass. Financial management of the enterprise. – Moscow: «Finance», 1997.
2. Osipov J.M. Bases of enterprise activity. –
Moscow, 1992.
3. Bulatov A.S. The economic theory (2 edition). – Moscow, 1997
4. https://www.ref.ru
Топик (сочинение) по английскому языку на тему «Деловой английский / Business English»
Весь список топиков на тему «Деловой английский / Business English» смотрите здесь
The dynamic social and economic changes of the modern society define the main personal and professional qualities and skills of the young specialist.
We think, that the course of ”Business English” gives us the great possibility to master all the necessary professional qualities and skills of the modern specialist.
It is known that Business English and, more widely, business communication arе relatively new spheres for those who learn English. We consider, that these subjects have become increasingly interesting as for the students and as for the teachers of English over the past years with the invention of market economy and the social and cultural changes in all over the world. More and more frequently people from different spheres of activity would like to get a better idea of the business world and the English used for business purposes. We understand that it is rather difficult to master these fairly new and rather complicated subjects but it is necessary for us as for the young specialists and it is possible working step by step.
We know that English is a means of human communication in speech and writing; it is also a living and constantly changing entity. Over the past several decades, English has acquired a global presence. It is a preferred and increasingly accepted means of international and intercultural communication. It is the language of politics and diplomacy, the language of science and modern informational technologies and more important for the present course of lectures, the language used in business contexts.
The Dictionary of General Business English Terminology defines the term business in the phrase the world of business. Business means a person, firm, company or other organization which makes or produces a product, buys and sells goods or provides some kind of service. For the purpose of making a profit; trading generally; the practice of commerce. A standard definition reads as follows: Business English is the language used in business contexts.
The course “Business English” that we have in our university contains the following blocks: Socializing and Telephoning Business correspondence Business documents and contracts Business meetings Presentations Negotiating and the Media. While learning them we get the basis and essence of business and the skills of writing a good resume, summary of our background.
The course “Business English” gives the opportunity to study professional and union newsletters, magazines, and other economical publications and lets us get the skills which can improve our chances for employment.
Перевод:
Динамические социально-экономические изменения современного общества определяют личностные и профессиональные качества и умения современного специалиста.
Мы думаем, что курс ”Делового английского языка” дает нам большую возможность овладеть необходимыми профессиональными качествами и умениями современного специалиста.
Известно, что деловой английский язык и деловое общение относительно новые сферы для тех, кто изучает английский язык. Мы считаем, что эти темы становятся все более и более интересными как для студентов, так и для преподавателей английского языка в последние годы в связи с введением рыночной экономики и социальных и культурных изменений во всем мире. Все более часто люди из различных сфер деятельности хотели бы получить лучшее представление о деловом мире и деловом английском языке в деловых целях. Мы понимаем, что довольно трудно овладеть этими довольно новыми и скорее сложными темами, но это необходимо для нас, молодых специалистов, и это — возможно работая шаг за шагом.
Мы знаем, что английский язык — средство человеческого общения в речи и письме; это — также живой и постоянно изменяющееся явление. За прошлые несколько десятилетий английский язык приобрел глобальное значение. Это – более предпочтительное и все более и более используемое средство международной и межкультурной коммуникации. Это — язык политики и дипломатии, язык науки и современных информационных технологий, и, что еще более важно для существующего курса лекций, язык, используемый в деловых контекстах.
Словарь общей деловой английской терминологии дает определение слову «бизнес» в контексте «мир бизнеса». Бизнес означает человека, фирму, компанию или другую организацию, которая делает или производит продукт, покупает и продает товары или оказывает некоторую услугу с целью получения прибыли; торговлю вообще; коммерческую практику. Стандартное определение звучит следующим образом: деловой английский язык — язык, используемый в деловых контекстах.
Курс “Деловой английский язык”, который мы изучаем в нашем университете, содержит следующие блоки: техника ведения беседы и телефонное общение в деловых целях, деловая переписка, деловая документация и контракты, деловая встреча и контракты, техника ведения переговоров и СМИ. Изучая их, мы получаем основу и сущность бизнеса, умение составления резюме и изложения жизненной позиции. Курс “Деловой английский язык” дает возможность изучать профессиональные и информационные письма, журналы и экономические публикации, позволяющие нам получать умения, которые могут улучшить наши возможности для трудоустройства.
Ксения Терентьева
Другие топики по английскому языку на тему «Деловой английский / Business English» раздела Английский язык / English language:
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- • «Деловой английский» как путь к успеху современного специалиста
- • Правила деловых переговоров